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118th Congress (2023–2025)
The 118th Congress ran from January 3, 2023 to January 3, 2025. Republicans held the House (222–213 after the election) and Democrats the Senate (47–49, with caucusing independents or the Vice President’s tie-break). Speaker: Kevin McCarthy, then Mike Johnson. 274 laws enacted.
Sources: House and Senate historians; Congress.gov
Quick Answer
- Term
- January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025
- Sessions
- 1st session 2023 · 2nd session 2024
- House majority
- Republicans 222–213 (initial results)
- Senate majority
- Democrats 47–49, with caucusing independents or the Vice President’s tie-break · 4 Independents
- Speakers
- Kevin McCarthy, then Mike Johnson
- Laws enacted
- 274
The House
DEMOCRATS
213
After the election
REPUBLICANS
222
After the election
NON-VOTING
6
5 Delegates + Resident Commissioner
Republicans won a 9-seat edge in the 435-seat House. These are the House historian’s figures from the initial election results; deaths, resignations, special elections and party switches during the Congress are not reflected. The non-voting seats are explained on non-voting members of Congress.
The Senate
MAJORITY
47
Democrats
MINORITY
49
Republicans
The Senate historian records Democrats as the majority — with no more seats than the other party, control rested on independents who caucused with them or the Vice President’s tie-breaking vote. Also seated: 4 Independents.
Control was divided: Republicans held the House and Democrats the Senate.
Speakers of the House
- Kevin McCarthyCA · elected Speaker January 7, 2023
- Mike JohnsonLA · elected Speaker October 25, 2023
This Congress elected more than one Speaker. How a Speaker is chosen — and replaced mid-Congress — is covered in how the Speaker is elected.
Laws enacted and days in session
LAWS ENACTED
274
Public and private laws
ENACTMENT RATE
1.7%
Laws ÷ bills and joint resolutions introduced
DAYS IN SESSION
406
Either chamber
Law counts are from Congress.gov; see how many laws Congress passes for every Congress compared. Days in session count days either chamber sat, from the daily Congressional Record — days in session by year.
Frequently Asked Questions
When was the 118th Congress?
The 118th Congress ran from January 3, 2023 to January 3, 2025, with its first session in 2023 and its second in 2024.
Who controlled the 118th Congress?
Republicans held the House (222–213 after the election) and Democrats held the Senate (47–49, with caucusing independents or the Vice President’s tie-break, as the Senate historian records it).
Who was Speaker of the House in the 118th Congress?
Kevin McCarthy (CA), elected January 7, 2023; Mike Johnson (LA), elected October 25, 2023.
How many laws did the 118th Congress pass?
274, counting public and private laws, per Congress.gov. That is 1.7% of the bills and joint resolutions introduced.
Sources: House party divisions, Senate party division, Speakers of the House; laws from Congress.gov.
Related Resources
How Many Laws Has Congress Passed?
Every law this Congress has enacted, the share of bills that make it, and the count for every Congress back to 1951.
How Many Days Does Congress Work?
Session days for every year since 1995 and every Congress — and whether Congress really works less than it used to.
Party Breakdown of Congress
Current Senate and House seats by party — majority margins, Independents, and vacancies, from live data.
When Is Congress in Session?
The House and Senate schedules for the year — session weeks, recesses, and when each chamber is next back.